Understanding Fire Escape Stairway Inspections: What You Need to Know About Section 1104.16.5.1

Atlantic Ironwork Restoration
May 8
2 min read

Fire escape stairways are a vital component of emergency egress in many older multistory buildings. Although prohibited in most new constructions, they continue to serve as a critical safety feature in countless existing structures. To ensure these systems remain safe and structurally sound, the International Fire Code (IFC) addresses their inspection requirements under Section 1104.16.5.1—a key provision every building owner, property manager, and facility maintenance team should understand.

What Does Section 1104.16.5.1 Require?

According to Section 1104.16.5.1, fire escape stairways and balconies must be examined every five years, or more frequently if required by the fire code official. The inspection must be carried out by a registered design professional or another individual approved by the fire code official. Following the examination, a formal inspection report must be submitted to the fire code official.

Why Are Regular Inspections Necessary?

Most fire escape stairways are made from carbon or galvanized steel—materials susceptible to corrosion over time. Exposure to the elements can cause rust and deterioration, reducing the structural integrity of the escape system. In the event of an emergency, especially fire-related incidents, these stairways must be fully functional and safe to use.

The goal of the inspection is to confirm:

Structural adequacy according to the minimum design load requirements outlined in Section 1104.16.5.
Proper maintenance of all components, including stairways, balconies, ladders, and mechanical fasteners.
Operational readiness in emergencies.

A Key Change in Code History

In earlier editions of the International Building Code (IBC) and the Fire Code, there was no set frequency for inspecting fire escape systems. Section 1104.16.5.1 was introduced to close that gap, establishing a clear and consistent inspection interval. This change underscores the importance of proactive safety management, especially in older buildings where fire escapes serve as a crucial egress route.

Who Can Conduct the Inspection?

Inspections must be performed by:

A registered design professional (such as a licensed structural engineer or architect), or
Another individual approved by the fire code official.

This ensures that the evaluation is thorough and performed by someone qualified to assess both the structural and safety aspects of the fire escape.

Final Thoughts

For building owners and managers, compliance with Section 1104.16.5.1 is more than a regulatory box to check—it’s a critical aspect of life safety and liability management. Regular inspections help ensure that aging fire escape systems remain reliable in emergencies, potentially saving lives and reducing the risk of injury or structural failure.

If your building includes a fire escape stairway or balcony, make sure your next five-year inspection is scheduled, completed by a qualified professional, and properly reported. It’s not just a code requirement—it’s a vital part of protecting your occupants.